Difference Between Rayon, Viscose, and Lyocell
The main difference between rayon and viscose is that rayon is eco-friendly and less expensive with a higher capacity for absorption, while viscose is softer with greater durability. Rayon is manufactured through the cellulose immersion process, whereas viscose is created using the cellulose xanthate process. Both are used to produce textiles for clothing and home furnishings like curtains and sheets.
Comparison Table: Rayon vs Viscose vs Lyocell
| Feature | Rayon | Viscose | Lyocell |
|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Semi-synthetic, made from cellulose fibers | Made from wood and plant cellulose with chemicals | Made from eucalyptus, bamboo, oak, or birch (biodegradable) |
| Softness | Not as soft as viscose | Softer than rayon | Very soft and shiny |
| Durability | Less durable | More durable | Highly durable with good bond structure |
| Absorption | Moderate absorption capacity | Lower absorption | High absorption capacity |
| Cost | More cost-effective | Moderate price | More expensive |
| Reaction to Water | Can shrink, crease, tear, loses strength when wet | Can shrink, wrinkle, and weaken when damp | Better wet strength and stretch |
Rayon, Viscose, and Lyocell: Overview
Cloth or textile is a material made from thread or yarn and used in clothing, bags, towels, bed covers, window shades, and more. Traditional textiles are made from natural materials like cotton and silk. Silk has long been a luxurious choice, but due to its high cost, manufacturers sought cheaper alternatives—leading to the invention of rayon.
Rayon is a unique manufactured fiber—neither fully natural nor fully artificial. Derived from natural cellulose (plant-based), it undergoes extensive chemical processing to become rayon. This process reforms natural cellulose into what is called a regenerated cellulose fiber.
Viscose rayon is produced from viscose, an organic liquid used in making rayon and cellophane. It's also found in art silk, modal, synthetic velvet, and some medical tools. Viscose rayon feels like cotton and has a silk-like appearance, making it ideal for light clothing, drapes, and home furnishings. While affordable, it wrinkles easily and requires care.
Lyocell is gaining recognition for its soft, silky texture and eco-friendly production. It’s known for providing comfort, strength, and long-lasting wear. The manufacturing process uses significantly less water compared to other fabrics. Notably, Lenzing AG, the producer of TENCEL™, reuses up to 99.5% of water and dissolving agents—making it a near-zero waste process.
Overall, when choosing between rayon, viscose, and lyocell, consider factors like environmental impact, cost, softness, and how the fabric performs over time.
